Children's books author forex

Biologically, a child plural: Child may also describe a relationship with a parent such as sons and daughters of any age [3] or, metaphorically, an authority figure , or signify group membership in a clan, tribe, or religion; it can also signify being strongly affected by a specific time, place, or circumstance, as in "a child of nature" or "a child of the Sixties".

There are many social issues that affect children, such as childhood education , bullying , child poverty , dysfunctional families , child labor , hunger , and child homelessness.

Children can be raised by parents , by fosterers , guardians or partially raised in a day care center. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defines child as "a human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier". Biologically, a child is generally anyone between birth and puberty.

Children generally have fewer rights than adults and are classed as unable to make serious decisions, and legally must always be under the care of a responsible adult or child custody , whether their parents divorce or not. Recognition of childhood as a state different from adulthood began to emerge in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Society began to relate to the child not as a miniature adult but as a person of a lower level of maturity needing adult protection, love and nurturing. This change can be traced in paintings: In the Middle Ages , children were portrayed in art as miniature adults with no childlike characteristics. In the 16th century, images of children began to acquire a distinct childlike appearance. From the late 17th century onwards, children were shown playing with toys and later literature for children also began to develop at this time.

Every child goes through many stages of social development. An infant or very young child will play alone happily. If another child wanders onto the scene, he or she may be physically attacked or pushed out of the way. Next, the child can play with another child, gradually learning to share and take turns.

Eventually, the group grows larger, to three or four children. By the time a child enters kindergarten, he or she can usually join in and enjoy group experiences.

Children with ADHD and learning disabilities may need extra help to develop social skills. The impulsive characteristics of an ADHD child may lead to poor peer relationships.

Children with poor attention spans may not tune into social cues in their environment, making it difficult for them to learn social skills through experience. The age at which children are considered responsible for their society-bound actions e.

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In Roman times, children were regarded as not culpable for crimes, a position later adopted by the Church. In the 19th century, children younger than seven years old were believed incapable of crime. Children from the age of seven forward were considered responsible for their actions. Therefore, they could face criminal charges, be sent to adult prison, and be punished like adults by whipping, branding or hanging.

They may be sent to special correctional institutions, such as juvenile hall. Surveys have found that at least 25 countries around the world have no specified age for compulsory education. Minimum employment age and marriage age also vary. In at least countries, children aged 7—15 may be taken to court and risk imprisonment for criminal acts.

A child's right to education is threatened by early marriage, child labour and imprisonment. During the early 17th century in England , average life expectancy was only about 35 years, largely because two-thirds of all children died before the age of four.

According to population health experts, child mortality rates have fallen sharply since the s. The infant mortality rate has dropped from 90 deaths per 1, live births in , to 48 in The highest average infant mortality rates are in Sub-Saharan Africa, at 98 deaths per 1, live births - over double the world's average of Education, in the general sense, refers to the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and preparing intellectually for mature life.

A right to education has been recognized by some governments. At the global level, Article 13 of the United Nations ' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognizes the right of everyone to an education. Children in some countries especially in parts of Africa and Asia are often kept out of school, or attend only for short periods. In , Prof Andrei Cimpian's study indicated that girls as young as six years of age can have the idea that being "a genius" is more likely found in males.

The study also indicated that this leads more to the uprising of gender stereotypes. Social attitudes toward children differ around the world in various cultures. These attitudes have changed over time. A study on European attitudes toward the centrality of children found that Italy was more child-centric and the Netherlands less child-centric, with other countries, such as Austria, Great Britain, Ireland and West Germany falling in between.

Child marriage was common in human history. Protection of children from abuse is considered an important contemporary goal.

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This includes protecting children from exploitation such as child labor , child trafficking and selling, child sexual abuse , including child prostitution and child pornography , military use of children , and child laundering in illegal adoptions. There exist several international instruments for these purposes, such as:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the juvenile human.

For other uses, see Child disambiguation. For other uses, see Children disambiguation. Age of consent , Age of majority , Age of criminal responsibility , and Marriageable age.

Child mortality and Infant mortality. This audio file was created from a revision of the " Child " article dated , and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. Retrieved 5 January Retrieved 9 October Archived from the original on 29 December I Oxford University Press , Oxford Obligations of Armed Non-State Actors Under General Human Rights Law — The Case of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child".

Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies. Retrieved 3 August Conflict robs 28 million children of education". Jones and April Brayfield, Life's greatest joy?: European attitudes toward the centrality of children. Chapel Hill, North Carolina". History Household Nuclear family Extended family Conjugal family Immediate family Matrifocal family Blended family Dysfunctional family Polyfidelitous families.

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